i Marìka- O kàko Olivèri? Na, ni dikhlem man leça.
i Tamàra- Ko mothodas tuqe? Kasθar aśundan?
i Marìka- E Lizaθar aśundem so avilǎn, phendàsas laqe laqi dej.
i Tamàra- Kasqi dej? E Lizaqi dej?
i Marìka- Va, voj kerel butǐ an-i cirdelin thaj odothe dikhlàsas tut.
i Tamàra- Dikh o rromano telefòni!! Naśti te keres khànći ćoral, bidikhli, bisamalini, thaj vi bipukadi, sòfora si manuśa te dikhen ja te aśunen tut...
i Bibi- Kana "o veś si les kana, thaj i alinʒ i bari si la jakha – dikhel dur" sar phenel pes – an-o foro ma pućh. ¿Śaj ginen pe sa e jakha thaj e kana an-i diz?
i Tamàra- Palem ćudav: pakǎv so e manuśa maj but raćen tumenθe an-o foro desar an-o gav!
i Marìka- Si normàlo te raćen e manuśa. Naśti te putren o muj sàmo te phenen vareso vasno, seriòzo, intelektuàlo... Kana des dùma e averença, ćaćes mothos vareso so dikhlǎn ja aśundan, godolesqe so maj anglal phendèsas tuqe, ama vi andar-o blablabla kerel pes amalipe, paśipe. Zurardol e ʒenenqi relàcia. Thaj maśkar śel duj śel làfora so aśunes, ko ʒanel, jekh śaj te del tut jekh informàcia interesànto tuqe... But informàcie so rodlèmas kurkença, arakhlěm len agore an-o raćipe thaj o vakǎripe, so phenes tu "khanćesqe".
i Tamàra- Ni ʒanav, ni birav e manuśen so den dùma e balvalaqe...
i Bibi- Thaj so keren tumen akana??
Today's topic 1 >>
The previous past tense indicates an action which had been completed before another one in the past.
Click here to highlight the examples in the text >>
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CONSTATATIVE TENSES
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basic past
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present
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PROJECTIVE TENSES
futures:
(particles+present)
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previous past (present+sas)
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>>>>>
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continuous past (basic past + sas)
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or with the example of the verb dikhel:
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CONSTATATIVE TENSES
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dikhlěm
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dikhav
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PROJECTIVE TENSES
futures:
ka dikhav, si te dikhav, śaj [te] dikhav...
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dikhlěmas [dikhlèma]
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>>>>>
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dikhàvas [dikhàva]
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The plain future is made by means of a particle which stands:
- right before the verbs (particle ka) in most vernaculars especially in the Balkan,
- or right after the verb (particle a) in other areas.
GR Click for more details >>
The projective expressions si te, śaj te, naśti te or simply te belong to the family of the future (the te of śaj te, naśti te is most often dropped in colloquial speech).
In areas where the majority language, at least in its colloquial form, lacks the previous past and/or the continuous past, the local Rromani vernacular have also lost them.
As far as the copula to be is concerned, the table is much simpler (three tenses):
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CONSTATATIVE TENSES
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lacking
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sem
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PROJECTIVE TENSES
futures:
ka ovav, si te ovav, śaj [te] ovav...
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lacking
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>>>>>
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sinom sas
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Note: the ending -as (pronounced [a]), used to coin composed, namely previous and continuous past tenses, derives from the past of the copula sas (for other forms of the copula used in this fonction in other dialectes, See GR).
Today's topic 2 >>
To summarize let us tabulate the forms of the interrogative pronoun denoting a person (left) and a thing (right):
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A-ćham
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ko?
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who?
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so?
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what?
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B-ćham
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kas?
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whom?
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lacking
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B-qe
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kas-qe?
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for whom?
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sos-qe?
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litt. for what?
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B-ça
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*kas-ça > ka-ça?
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with whom?
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*sos-ça > so-ça?
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with what?
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B-qo, -qi, -qe
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kas-qo, -qi, -qe?
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whose?
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lacking
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B-θe
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kas-θe?
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at/to whom?
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sos-θe?
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at/to what?
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B-θar
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kas-θar?
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from whom?
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sos-θar?
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litt. from what?
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You probably remember Kasqi ćhaj san? (padmad 2) – a structure now clarified.
The forms sosqe and sosθar mean almost always why.
Idioms and proverbs >>
The proverb quoted by the aunt correspond to EN the walls have ears (US variant during WWII Loose lips sink ships).
