e lala- Gilǎs morri godǐ te kinav laćhe zlaga, lole, modèrna, te lośavel e bori ! Jekh bori hi amen, e angluni hi voj !
e Tamàra- Pućh e kakos, tě phrales, te na kinen von laqe. Naj miśto o sastro taj lesqi pheń jekh te kinen...
e lala- Ćaćipo hi tut, de man o telefòno te pućhav morre phrales, te na keras jekh gàfa. Taj tu, so anes?
e Tamàra- Me ? Oh, has man baxt: dikhlǒm and-o cird jekhe manuśes: has les duj bare gone, pherde xosne. Anèlas len te bikinel k-o pazàri. Phendǒm lesqe te sikavel len manqe taj pućhlǒm kabor mol jekh kotor. Hi man godǐ te kinav, phendǒm, nùma but love naj man...
e lala- ¿Ta vov?
e Tamàra- Va, phendǎs, dikh len, le len k-o vast taj azba len te xaćares sosqe kovle-j – phendǎs... Taj ćaćes thule has but taj kovle kovlorre, sar ćhavrri, but laćhe. Taj sosqe ranga: plàźa, kham, derǎv, ćirikle, papurìgi, dilǎjlǒm kana dikhlǒm len, te merav.
e lala- Taj kabor dèlas len vov ?
e Tamàra- Śov rupune jekh, laćhi timin...
e lala- Kuć mori ! Kaj hi amen adićom love ?!
e Tamàra- Na, adićom hi e ahor, ʒanav, na xoxavèlas o gaʒo. Manuś ćaćo, na ćor... Sa kamel te kinel amari lala, a na kamel te pokinel... miśto-j e butǐ, nùma ... rromani !
e lala- Taj tu, so kerdǎn ?
e Tamàra- Manglǒm śov, has man nùma 30 rupune, mukhlǎs o gaʒo taj agore liom o śov.
e lala- Sar na lǎn maj but, ćhej ?!
Today's topic 1 >>
Personal pronoun in Rromani In the preceding padmadǎ, we got acquainted with the various persons of the personal pronoun, which we may tabulate as follows:
|
singular
|
plural
|
|
1-to
|
me
|
amen
|
|
2-to
|
tu
|
tumen
|
|
3-to
|
vov, voj
|
von
|
Note for the Hungarian speaking area: Common Rromani distinguishes masculine ov and feminine oj in the singular. Due to the lack of grammatical gender in Hungarian, some Rroms of the Hungarian areas have forgotten ov and express both genders through feminine oj. However it is advisable for them to distinguish again the genders and use the appropriate forms. So far for the A-ćham. The personal pronouns have also each a B-ćham, as follows:
|
singular
|
plural
|
|
1-to
|
man
|
amen
|
|
2-to
|
tut
|
tumen
|
|
3-to
|
les, la
|
len
|
Today's topic 2 >>
The expression of possession
Rromani has a verb meaning to have, to possess therel but it is used only with the full meaning of posession theren jekh baro kher they possess a large house, they are the owners of a large house.
A more common structure to express possession is to use the copula in the third person (present hi it is, past has it was) + the pronoun corresponding to the persons who "has" or "had"; this pronoun is then in B-ćham (connected accidence).
Click here and you will see the occurences of this structure in the text >>As a result, we may tabulate as follows the forms expressing I have, you have etc...
|
singular
|
plural
|
|
1-to
|
hi man
|
hi amen
|
|
2-to
|
hi tut
|
hi tumen
|
|
3-to
|
hi les, hi la
|
hi len
|
As you can see in the text, one uses has instead of hi in order to turn to the past.
To express the negative, one uses naj instead of hi: naj man gad I have no shirt, naj tut godǐ you have no mind (brain).
More >>
Note that the negative forms of the copula in the present tense are:
|
singular
|
plural
|
|
1-to
|
na hom
|
na ham
|
|
2-to
|
na han
|
|
3-to
|
naj
|
Be carefull to distinguish carefully in the third person these forms of possession translating to have from the forms of insistance of the copula to be:
|
possession (to have)
|
insistance (to be)
|
|
masc. sing.
|
hi les he has
|
hi lo he is indeed
|
|
fem. sing.
|
hi la she has
|
hi la she is indeed
|
|
plural
|
hi len they have
|
hi le they are indeed
|
