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Superdial. O mutaciaça

11-to padmad video

e lala- De man pàća, Tamara. Te kamlǎn, śaj te keres prasa tě daça. Tut naj tut p-o phike e drez te inkres ʒuvdo jekh kher duje cinne bengença, save ćhućharen o śudrarno angla so te pherav les...
e Tamàra- Oh, Lala, na xolǎv, na kamlǒm te azbavav tut... Ćaćes hi cèra dilǐpo ado so phendǒm.
e lala- Na, naj ziand, nùma khini hom kana dav godǐ sa so trubul ìnke te kerav! Bićhade paleś lǐl kathar-e kupatni, so hi te peravas e verànda e kaśtuni so vazdiam palal-o kher!
e Tamàra- Sosθar? Hi jekh berś kaj kerde la! Na phende khànći ʒi akanak...
e lala- Phenen so na has laćhe o lǐla so kerdǎm kana manglǎm e avtorizàcia. A me ʒanav so has sa laćhe! Kerdǎm sakofèlo sar amare duj paśatune, o gaʒo zerves taj e phuri gaʒi daxnes, kana kerde vi von penqi verànda.
e Tamàra- Te kamlǎn, avav tuça, kerdǒm butǐ trin ćhon k-e kupatni and-e Bìstrica. Śaj avel manqe khajekh idèa...
e lala- Mukh, mukh, laćhǒrri han. Mukh te nakhel o biav. Na kamav te lav man e gaʒençar akanak taj te pharravav morro śero śele lilença. Dikhas e loś so tǒ kàko lel pesqe ćhavesqe borǎ. Hi te maladǔvas bute Rromença saven aba dǔrmut na dikhlǎm. Na ʒal tǐ godǐ sar barǒn o ćhave taj vi něve ćhavorre hi!

Today's topic 1 >>

verb > past of E-verbs
Padmad 10 introduced the verbal pivot, a form which in addition to its fonction corresponding to the English past passive participle, is used to form the basic past tense by replacing the boxlo endings by the personal endings learnt in padmad 5 as illustrated below:

present tense Ēs
-av    -as
-es    -en
-el    -en

stem + d after verb stems
ending in -r, -n, -v, -l

basic past tense Ās -ǒm    -ǎm
-ǎn    -e
-ǎs    -e

stem + l after verb stems
ending in -s, -ś, -m, -ć, -ćh, -k, -kh

Example with -d- (verbs ending in -r, -n, -v, -l) pherel to fill

pherav    pheras pheres    pheren pherel    pheren

d
[pher-d-o filled, full]

pher-d-ǒm    pher-d-ǎm pher-d-ǎn    pher-d-e pher-d-ǎs    pher-d-e

Example with -l- (verbs ending in -s, -ś, -m, -ć, -ćh, -k, -kh) kamel to love

kamav    kamas kames    kamen kamel    kamen

l [kam-l-o [be]loved]

kam-l-ǒm    kam-l-ǎm kam-l-ǎn    kam-l-e kam-l-ǎs    kam-l-e

Today's topic 2 >>

The particle (postposition) denoting the company or the instrument -ça
Padmad 8 provided you with both the A- and B-ćham of the personal pronouns and padmad 9 with the postposition -qe expressing the beneficiary. On the other hand, you have noticed in the previous padmadǎ B-ćham pronouns stuck with a comparable postposition -ça meaning with. Let us refresh our memory with the following table:

 

singular

plural

 

 

cf. padmad

 

cf. padmad

1-to

mançar with me

Nr. 3 & here

amença with us

Nr. 4

2-to

tuça with you

here

with you guys

not met so far

3-to

with him

not met so far

lença with them

Nr. 10

3-to

with her

not met so far

You may infer that the missing forms ("not met so far") would be leça, laça and tumença (leçar and laçar are also possible yet very rare; they even don't exist outside the Southern Balkans).

Click here to highlight the the occurences in this text >>

Languages express the relationship between the company or the instrument of an action and the verb meaning this action in various ways: by means of a preposition (like English with Indira), a postposition (like U.P. Hindi Indira sath, Turkish Indira ile or Hungarian Indiraval), an inflection (like Polish combination z Indirą) or even different more exotic ways.
The Rromani solution is the postposition -ça added to the B-ćham of the noun: e Indiraça and it applies to all nouns, be they animate: e dejaça (e daça), e manuśeça (sing.), e manuśença (plural) or inanimate: e xosneça, e lovença.

Idioms and proverbs >>

You cannot imagine is rendered by na ʒal ti godi.