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Superdial. O-bi mutaciaqo

17-to padmad video

i Marìka- O kàko Olivèri? Na, na dikhlǒm man leça.
i Tamàra- Kon mothovdǎs tuqe? Kasθar śundǎn?
i Marìka- E Lizaθar śundǒm so avilǎn, phendǎs sas laqe laqi daj.
i Tamàra- Kasqi daj? E Lizaqi daj?
i Marìka- Va, oj kerel buti and-i cirdelin aj odothe dikhlǎs tut.
i Tamàra- Dikh o rromano telefòni!! Naśti te keres khanć poćorǎl, bidikhli, bisamalini, aj vi bipukavdi, sòfora si manuśa te dikhen ja te śunen tut...
i Bibi- Kana "o veś si les kana, thaj i alinʒ i bari si la jakha – dikhel dur" sar phenel pes – and-o foro ma pućh... Śaj gines sa o jakha aj o kana and-i diz?
i Tamàra- Palem ćudav: pakǎv so o manuśa buter raćen tumenθe and-o foro desar and-o gav!
i Marìka- Si normàlo te raćen o manuśa. Naśti te putren o muj sadaj te phenen vareso vasno, seriòzo, intelektuàlo... Kana des dùma e averençar, ćaćes mothoves vareso so dikhlǎn ja śundǎn, odolesqe so angleder phende sas tuqe, ama vi andar-o blablabla kerel pes amalipen, paśipen. Zoralǒl e ʒenenqi relàcia. Thaj maśkar śel duj śel lava so śunes, kon ʒanel, jekh śaj te del tut jekh interesànto tuqe informàcia... But informàcie so rodinǒm sas kurkençar, arakhlǒm len agore and-o raćipen aj o vakǎripen so phenes tu khanćesqe.
i Tamàra- Na ʒanav, na birav e manuśen so den dùma e balvalǎqe...
i Bibi- Aj so keren tumen akana??

Today's topic 1 >>

The previous past tense indicates an action which had been completed before another one in the past.

Click here to highlight the examples in the text >>

CONSTATATIVE TENSES

basic past

present

PROJECTIVE TENSES
futures:
(particles+present)

previous past (present+sas)

>>>>>

continuous past (basic past + sas)

or with the example of the verb dikhel:

CONSTATATIVE TENSES

dikhlǒm

dikhav

PROJECTIVE TENSES
futures:
ka ovav, si te ovav,
śaj [te] ovav...

dikhlǒm sas

>>>>>

dikhav sas

The plain future is made by means of a particle which stands:
- right before the verbs (particle ka) in most vernaculars especially in the Balkan,
- or right after the verb (particle a) in other areas.
GR Click for more details >>
The projective expressions si te, śaj te, naśti te or simply te belong to the family of the future (the te of śaj te, naśti te is most often dropped in colloquial speech).
In areas where the majority language, at least in its colloquial form, lacks the previous past and/or the continuous past, the local Rromani vernacular have also lost them.
As far as the copula to be is concerned, the table is much simpler (three tenses):

CONSTATATIVE TENSES

lacking

dikhav

PROJECTIVE TENSES
futures:
ka ovav, si te ovav, śaj [te] ovav...

lacking

>>>>>

sinom sas

Note: the form sas of the copula is used in most vernaculars to coin composed tenses (previous and continuous past tenses), albeit other forms may be encountered locally in this fonction, as for example sine, hine, -ne etc...
See GR

Today's topic 2 >>

To summarize let us tabulate the forms of the interrogative pronoun denoting a person (left) and a thing (right):

A-ćham

kon?

who?

so?

what?

B-ćham

kas?

whom?

lacking

B-qe

kas-qe?

for whom?

sos-qe?

litt. for what?

B-ça

*kas-ça > ka-ça?

with whom?

*sos-ça > so-ça?

with what?

B-qo, -qi, -qe

kas-qo, -qi, -qe?

whose?

lacking

B-θe

kas-θe?

at/to whom?

sos-θe?

at/to what?

B-θar

kas-θar?

from whom?

sos-θar?

litt. from what?

You probably remember Kasqi ćhaj isinan? (padmad 2) – a structure now clarified.
The forms sosqe and sosθar mean almost always why.

Idioms and proverbs >>

The proverb quoted by the aunt correspond to EN the walls have ears (US variant during WWII Loose lips sink ships).