i Tamàra- ¿Patàte kames?
i Bibi- Te avile o ćhave amençar, śaj vàzden jekh gono patàte, 10 kìle. Thaj nakhas k-o gavutno te las thud, khil aj kiral. Si jekh nevo, sofora anel but laćho kiral.
i Tamàra- ¿O avera kherutne, sar o lon, o gulǎrno, o morǎ isi tut?
i Bibi- Va, lon isi man, palem śukar si te las jekh gonorro. Agordinǒl sig o lon. Gulǎrno isi. Morǎ amen na xas but: śukar si keravde maseça, sadeça – ama na xas but. Amen o mas xas les peko ja rroj, zumi, na kiravdo sado.
i Tamàra- Zet?
i Bibi- E salataqe, va. Aćhile trin śtar rroja and-i tuśni, musaj te kinas, zetujenqo zet.
i Tamàra- Ov si o ćaćo zet, e zetenqo thagar...
i Bibi- Va, sumnakuno zet si... Palem śukar si vi e kolzaqo.
i Tamàra- A o mas?
i Bibi- O mas, sa akala muja, si te las guruvano – jekh baro kotor, te pekav and-o bov – duj trinvar te xas. Las vi jekh aver kaxni te ovel amen rezèrva. Kon ʒanel kon śaj avel? Śukar te arakhas goja jale te pekas len patatençar.
i Tamàra- Va, thaj me andǒm tumenqe śuke goja thuvǎrde, so kerel amaro paśatuno k-i Bistrica. Si vi jekh kotor ćamb aj thulevas e kakosqe, ʒanav so plaćal lesqe – si opre and-o gono.
i Bibi- Dikh, avel o brśind, av te kidas o gada te na suslǒn aj prastas te kinas...
i Tamàra- Praza, śaxa, karòte, spanàkǎ, brokolǎ ¿na les?
i Bibi- O spanàkǎ si but kuć akana: les duj kìle a iklǒl tuqe burral jekh muśtek xaben. Ama uśti ćhaj, uśti te kidas o gada. Le i tamles zèleno balani, e plastikosqi. Me kidav so śaj and-akaja bradi...
Today's topic >>
Click here to highlight a series of nouns denoting things (including a hen, probably gutted, thus also an object) >>
These things UNDERGO the action expressed by the verb: lav jekh lil, kerav i lìsta, andǒm sira etc... Whereas in such a fonction nouns denoting humans and other mammals are in the B-ćham, note that nouns denoting things are all in the A-ćham, just as if they were subject of the clause. In addition, all nouns after prepositions (such as kathar- from, k- at, p- on, pal- after and all others) are also in the A-ćham. The whole situation may be summarized as follows:
Function
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Humans & mammals
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Things & ideas
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Doing the action (subject)
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A-ćham
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A-ćham
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After preposition
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A-ćham
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A-ćham
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Undergoing the action (object)
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B-ćham
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A-ćham
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Linked to a postposition
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B-ćham
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B-ćham
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or from another perspective:
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Humans and mammals
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Things and ideas
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direct construction
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subject
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object
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subject
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object
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A-ćham
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B-ćham
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A-ćham
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A-ćham
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indirect construction
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after prep.
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with post.
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after prep.
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with post.
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A-ćham
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B-ćham
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A-ćham
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B-ćham
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The same situation exists in North Indian languages.
Accordingly, the B-ćham of things and ideas occur ONLY linked to postpositions and NEVER by themselves. When such a form is quoted teaching or linguistic purpose, it is followed by a tilde indicating this limitation; thus the B-ćham of amal is quoted as amales, but the B-ćham of lil will be liles~ (in dictionaries also).
As far a non-mammals are concerned (from ants to birds), they are treated variously depending on the local vernacular: either like superior animals, either like things – we have the same kind of variation exist in North Indian languages, fluctuating between the East and the West.
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The expression of quantity is put as a rule in Rromani in the A-ćham:
jekh gono phabaja, duj taxtaja pani, jekh kotor lil, trin śere śax.