i Tamàra- Alo, Mamo! Tu sinan ?
i daj- O mi ćhaj! So keres ? Sar nakhes ?
i Tamàra- Śukar sinom, so keren tumen ?
i daj- Khanć, beśas...
i Tamàra- Sar si o pàpu ?
i daj- O pàpu sar pàpu! Jekh pàpu si amen: thov les, xelǎker les, buxlǎr les k-o kham – ov isi...
i Tamàra- Ʒanav mi daj, ama tuqe phares...
i daj- So te kerav... Barem si les humòri... A tu, so keres ? Xav xoli tuqe… Darav tuqe, kaj sinan dur aj kòrkorri.
i Tamàra- Ma dara, na sinom ćhajorri tikni, na mukhav e ʒuklen te xan mi rovli... Aj akate si vi i bibi Dùda.
i daj- Śukar phenes, ama ʒukela isi but avdives… Vi o pàpu daral tuqe. Ćaćes savorre akate daras aj xas xoli tuqe. Na pakǎs man ?
i Tamàra- Pakǎv, sar te na.. Xal tumen i dar aj izdran savorre manqe... Naśti urǎn tar sar o ćirikle, naśti prastan sar o śośoja. So keren me darutne manuśa ? Beśen aj izdran p-o than...
i daj- Na, mi ćhaj, ma asa amençar. Naj tut ćhave, naśti xalǒves...
i Tamàra- Ʒanav, kerav pherǎs… Kon asal aj gilavel anel loś and-o kher, na ?
i daj- Ćaćipen si tut... Lośavav kana tut śunav sar asas. Haj phen akana, so si nevo odothe ? Aśta, marel manuś k-o udar - ʒav te dikhav...
Today's topic 1 >>
verb > A-class > present > singular
click and you will see all present singular of verbs:
in yellow first person in green second person
in blue third person.
click and you will see all present plural of verbs:
in yellow first person
in green second person
in blue third person.
You may notice the forms are very simple: all with vowel a instead of the alternance a/e/e in E-class verbs (this set of endings will be be further symbolized as Āl):
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singular
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plural
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1-to
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-av
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-as
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2-to
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-as
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-an
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3-to
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-al
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-an
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There are in Rromani altogether some 30 A-class verbs (list in GR); all others are E-class. There is no infinitive in common Rromani; therefore, the reference form of verbs in dictionaries is the 3rd singular of the present tense, which allows to identify if the verb at stake belongs to the E-class or the A-class.
ZU Click to exercise >>
Today's topic 2 >>
verb > E-class & A-class > imperative
click and you will see the imperative forms used in this padmad. Remember also other infinitives in the previous padmadǎ: uʒar!, dikh!, akhar!, phen!. To form the imperative
- most E-class verbs just drop the ending for the singular indicative, while the plural is in -en like the affirmative verb
- verbs with an accent (ròdel, vàzdel) use a final -e : rode! vazde!
- some verbs (to be seen later) use a final -i : ukli! climb, go up!
- A-class verbs just end with the -a- of the ending for the singular indicative, while the plural is in -an like the affirmative verb: dara be afraid! asa! laugh!
The word for interdiction is ma (don't in forbidding):
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singular:
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ma uʒar! don't wait!
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ma dikh! don't look!
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ma asa! don't laugh!
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plural:
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ma uʒaren! don't wait!
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ma dikhen! don't look!
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ma asan! don't laugh!
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Idioms and proverbs >>
a) to express that one person (more seldom a thing) remains changeless, one says:
thov les, xelǎker les, buxlǎr les k-o kham – ov isi
feminine
thov la, xelǎker la, buxlǎr la k-o kham – oj isi.
b) I can manage with intruders is rendered by na mukhav e ʒuklen te xan mi rovli.
