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Superdial. E mutaciaça

8-to padmad video

i Bibi- Gëli mi godǐ te kinav zlaga laćhe, lole, modèrno, te lośavel i bori ! Ëkh bori sï amen, i angluni sï voj !
i Tamàra- Pućh ël kakos, tě phrales, na te kinen von laqë. Naj śukar o sastro haj lesqi phen sǎ ëkh te kinen...
i Bibi- Ćaćimos sï tut, de man o telefòno te pućhav me phrales, te na këras ëkh gàfa. Haj tu, so anes?
i Tamàra- Me ? Ah, sas man baxt: dikhlem and-o cird manuśes, so sas les duj bare gone, pherde khosne. Anèlas len te bikinel k-o bazàri. Phendem lesqë te sikavel len manqë haj pućhlem sode mol ëkh kotor. Sï man godǐ te kinav, phendem, a but love naj man...
i Bibi- ¿Ta vov?
i Tamàra- Va, phendǎs, dikh len, le len k-o vast haj azba len te xaćares so kovle sï – phendǎs... Haj ćaćes thule sas but haj kovle kovlorre, sar ćhavrri, but laćhe. Haj save ranga: plàźa, kham, derǎv, ćirikle, paparùgë, dilisajlem kana dikhlem len, te merav.
i Bibi- Haj sode dèlas len vov ?
i Tamàra- Śov rupune ëkh, laćhi timin...
i Bibi- Kuć mori ! Kaj sï amen kadikita love ?!
i Tamàra- Na, kadikita sï i ahor, ʒanav, ći xoxavèlas o gaʒo. Manuś ćaćo, na ćor... Sǎ kamel te kinel amari bibi, a ći kamel te pokinel... śukar i butǐ, ama ... rromani !
i Bibi- Haj tu, so kërdǎn ?
i Tamàra- Manglem śov, a sas man nùmaj 30 rupune, teladǎs o gaʒo haj agore lilem ël śov.
i Bibi- Sar ći lilǎn maj but ?!

Today's topic 1 >>

Personal pronoun in Rromani In the preceding padmadǎ, we got acquainted with the various persons of the personal pronoun, which we may tabulate as follows:

singular

plural

1-to

me

ame[n]

2-to

tu

tume[n]

3-to

vov, voj

von

So far for the A-ćham; but they have also each a B-ćham, as follows:

singular

plural

1-to

man

amen

2-to

tut

tumen

3-to

les, la

len

Today's topic 2 >>

The expression of possession
Rromani has a verb meaning to have, to possess therel but it is used only with the full meaning of posession theren ëkh baro khër they possess a large house, they are the owners of a large house.
A more common structure to express possession is to use the copula in the third person (present si it is, past sas it was) + the pronoun corresponding to the persons who "has" or "had"; this pronoun is then in B-ćham (connected accidence).

Click here and you will see the occurences of this structure in the text >>

As a result, we may tabulate as follows the forms expressing I have, you have etc...

singular

plural

1-to

si man

si amen

2-to

si tut

si tumen

3-to

si les, si la

si len

The use of isi versus si is a matter of clause rhythm and also of emphasis.
As you can see in the text, one uses sine instead of si in order to turn to the past.
To express the negative, one uses nanaj (or short nane) instead of [i]si: nanaj man gad I have no shirt, nane tut godi you have no mind (brain).

More >>

Note that the negative forms of the copula in the present tense are:

singular

plural

1-to

ći sem

ći sam

2-to

ći san

ći sen

3-to

naj